The Impact of Climate Change on the Neurodevelopment of Children: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Objective: Climate change introduces environmental stressors that may affect the developing brain. Children are particularly vulnerable due to biological sensitivity and social exposure. This review summarizes evidence on climate-related impacts on neurodevelopment.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted focusing on four major exposures: air pollution, extreme temperatures, natural disasters, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Findings across cognitive, behavioral, and neurobiological outcomes were synthesized.

Results: Air pollution is linked to structural brain alterations, disrupted functional connectivity, and higher risks of autism, ADHD, and cognitive delay. Extreme heat and cold are associated with poorer language and cognitive performance, sleep disturbances, and behavioral problems. Natural disasters influence development through prenatal stress, trauma, and unstable environments. Increased EDC exposure contributes to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes. Socioeconomically disadvantaged children show the greatest vulnerability.  

Conclusion: Climate change presents a significant risk to child neurodevelopment through interacting environmental and psychological pathways.