Keywords
Public Health
Hand Sanitizers
Child
Anti-infective Agents
Detergents
Belgium
Emergencies
Incidence
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 lockdown led to significant changes in household behaviors, including an increase in the use of disinfectants, hand sanitizers, and cleaning agents, potentially raising pediatric intoxication risks. This study examines the impact of lockdown measures on oral exposures to toxic products in children reported to the Belgian Poison Center.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric cases of oral ingestion with hand sanitizers, bleach, detergents, or medicines reported during the first lockdown (March –May 2020) and compared to the same period in 2019, 2021, and 2022. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses evaluated frequency, characteristics, and trends in exposure cases.
Results: A total of 2604 cases were reported during the 2020 lockdown. Compared to 2019, exposures to hand sanitizers increased by 329%, with continued elevated numbers following years. Bleach and detergent exposures increased by 163% and 30% respectively. Medicine-related cases decreased by 14%. Young children, particularly those under six, accounted for over 75% of cases, with a significant overrepresentation of exposures among 2–6-year-olds. Adolescent cases were significantly underrepresented. Cases in educational institutions and hospitals decreased and were significantly underrepresented. Referrals to emergency departments decreased, with non-referrals increasing correspondingly.
Conclusion: The lockdown period saw a marked increase in pediatric oral ingestions to hand sanitizers and household chemicals, highlighting the unintended consequences of the public health measures on child safety. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, including public awareness campaigns and stricter product safety regulations, to mitigate pediatric poisoning risks during future public health emergencies.