A qualitative study on the knowledge and attitude of primary school students towards pediculosis capitis

Abstract

Background

Pediculosis capitis - or infestation with head lice - is frequent in school-aged children. While the clinical consequences are limited to itchiness and irritation, the social impact of infestation remain high, often due to a lack of knowledge and prejudice. Most research focusses on treatment and prevalence, but rarely on evaluating knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs.  

Methods 

We used a qualitative methodology (semi-structured interviews) to assess the knowledge and attitude of the students. Ten primary schools in Flanders were included and the opinions of 240 students from fourth, fifth or sixth grade were obtained. The knowledge was tested with ten true/false questions and their perception with an in-depth interview. Data-analysis was performed using the QUAGOL method (Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven).

Results  

The knowledge test revealed a mean score of 63% (SD ±37%). The topics ‘lifecycle’, ‘symptoms’ and ‘transmission’ scored the worst. The most prominent misunderstanding is the belief that head lice can jump (21% correct). In the reflective part, three main themes occur: misconceptions, attitude (feelings, friendship, behaviour) and disclosure (towards parents, teachers and friends). 

 Conclusion 

This study examined the knowledge and perceptions of primary school students in Flanders concerning head lice. Students failed to assess the transmission route adequately. The main concepts in their reasoning were identified. Accurate health education could be used to counter misconceptions and social stigma.