Belgian Journal of Paediatrics
A Seven-Month-Old Girl with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. A Case Report
Vol. 27 No. 2 (2025), Case reports
Vol. 27 No. 2 (2025)

A Seven-Month-Old Girl with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. A Case Report

Case reports
Published 2025-07-07
Anna Cynthia van Breugel
University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Edegem, Belgium
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1260-503X
Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch
ZAS Paola, Pediatric Immunology, Antwerp, Belgium
Benson Ogunjimi
University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Edegem, Belgium
Sofie Ryckx
ZAS Paola, Pediatric Endocrinology, Antwerp, Belgium
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5334-4202
Greta Stevens
ZAS Paola, General Pediatrics, Antwerp, Belgium
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-0203
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Keywords

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
macrophage activation syndrome
persisting fever
case report

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How to Cite

van Breugel, A. C., van der Werff ten Bosch, J., Ogunjimi, B., Ryckx, S., & Stevens, G. (2025). A Seven-Month-Old Girl with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. A Case Report. Belgian Journal of Paediatrics, 27(2), 147–149. Retrieved from http://belgjpaediatrics.com/index.php/bjp/article/view/335
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Abstract

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by an uncontrolled activation of immune cells. HLH can be primary, due to a genetic predisposition, or secondary, due to an underlying disease such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Primary or secondary HLH and sJIA present similarly. Clinical and biochemical parameters can be used to differentiate between them. In patients with a persistent fever, it is important to consider an underlying immune and/or rheumatologic problem. We present the case of a seven-month-old girl who presented with symptoms of HLH and was later diagnosed with underlying sJIA.

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